Enhancing Performance in High-End Sports Cars and Formula 1
Speed without control is a recipe for disaster. Controlling fast-moving vehicles on road and track requires a delicate balance of power, grip and aerodynamics. While power moves the vehicle forwards and grip maintains adhesion to the road, precise management of the vehicle’s aerodynamics may best improve stability, efficiency and overall performance.
Hydraulic components continue to be part of the evolution of active aerodynamic technologies, enabling high-performance vehicles to dynamically adjust their aero surfaces for optimal efficiency and stability. Where active aerodynamics were once exclusive to motorsport, they have become common on high-end sports cars and luxury cars, while continuing advancements in hydraulic technologies are now making them more accessible across other vehicle segments.
The Role of Hydraulic Systems in Active Aero
Hydraulic actuators play a crucial role in controlling movable aerodynamic elements such as rear wings, front flaps and diffusers in high-performance vehicles. When the car’s electronic control module (ECM) detects a need for aerodynamic adjustment — based on speed, steering input, or braking force — it signals the appropriate hydraulic system to actuate the components.
Hydraulic systems can handle sudden aerodynamic changes with millisecond precision, making them ideal for motorsport-derived technologies that have made their way to road cars. We see these systems in use in vehicles such as the Bugatti Chiron, which employs a hydraulically actuated rear wing that adjusts automatically for drag reduction, downforce, and airbrake functions during high-speed braking. The McLaren P1 that features an active rear wing and front flaps, both hydraulically controlled, to optimise aerodynamic balance, with the rear wing capable of extending or retracting within seconds depending on driving mode. And the Ferrari LaFerrari which integrates hydraulically operated active rear and front aero elements that deploy based on speed and cornering forces, improving grip and stability.
Hydraulic actuators are preferred by many automotive manufacturers because they excel in providing high force and fast response times compared to electric systems, which may struggle under the extreme loads and the fast actuation demands that occur at high speeds.
Advantages of hydraulic actuators include:
- Greater power density: Hydraulic actuators deliver a great deal of power without taking up too much space or weight, making them ideal for supercar designs
- Quicker response time: Hydraulic systems can operate quickly when needed, providing rapid actuation of aerodynamic elements
- High force output: Hydraulic actuators can handle practically unlimited amounts of work due to the immense force they can produce, which is crucial for managing aerodynamic loads at high speeds
Active Aerodynamics in Formula 1 in 2026
The 2025-2026 Formula 1 regulatory changes mark a pivotal shift in aerodynamic development, with active systems and hydraulic integration playing crucial roles in balancing performance and efficiency. According to the FIA, the updates aim to enhance racing dynamics while addressing sustainability and safety concerns.
Key active aero changes include:
- Dual-Mode Wing System: Replacing traditional Drag Reduction Systems (DRS), a coordinated front/rear wing adjustment system will now feature: X-Mode: Low-drag configuration for straights (both wings retract) and Z-Mode: High-downforce setup for corners (full extension)
- Hydraulic Actuation Requirements: The FIA mandates sub-500ms transitions between modes, necessitating high-pressure hydraulic systems with redundant fail-safes for reliability at 350+ km/h
Hydraulics will play a crucial role in enabling precise control of these new aero components, allowing rapid and seamless actuation to switch between aerodynamic modes. Additionally, hydraulic systems may integrate with other mechanical components, such as brakes and steering, to enhance overall responsiveness and adaptability under the new ‘nimble car’ concept for 2026.
In summary, the new regulations emphasise active aerodynamics and efficient energy use while fostering closer racing. Hydraulics will be central to implementing these technologies and ensuring F1 remains at the forefront of motorsport innovation and performance.
Hydraulic Valve Technology and Performance Benefits
Recent advancements in hydraulic valve technology, particularly in direct drive servo valves, have significantly improved precision and response times in hydraulic systems. These innovations are enhancing system efficiency and reliability across various industries, including motorsports and high-performance road cars.
Direct drive servo valves represent a major leap forward in hydraulic control. Unlike traditional two-stage servo valves, direct drive valves use a single-stage element actuated by an electromagnetic device. This innovation offers several advantages over traditional servo valve technologies: Simpler design with fewer components, (which reduces the risk of blockages and leakage). Improved energy efficiency and functionality. Onboard electronics for accurate spool position reading and correction. Plus, lower maintenance costs and longer lifespan.
In the realm of motorsports and supercars, these advancements are translating into precision control of active aero elements, increased energy savings, continuing weight reduction and ultimately, improved vehicle dynamics and better performance on both track and road.
The Future of Hydraulics in Active Aerodynamics
As the design of road and track vehicles becomes ever more sophisticated, so demand for more efficient and responsive active aerodynamic solutions is rising. Accordingly, manufacturers of hydraulic actuation systems are bringing significant advancements to the field. Innovations in hydraulic valve technology such as intelligent control systems, increasing miniaturisation, the incorporation of advanced materials and the use of 3D metal printing at scale continue to set new benchmarks.
The future of hydraulics in active aerodynamics lies in smarter designs, greater energy efficiency, enhanced customisation capabilities, and integration with emerging vehicle technologies such as EVs and autonomous systems. These advancements will not only improve vehicle performance but also contribute to a more sustainable automotive industry.
Domin is reshaping the future of active aerodynamic solutions. Our products are delivering improved performance, greater energy efficiency, and allowing our customers to realise a wide array of improvements in vehicle dynamics. Discover more about our ground-breaking hydraulic valve solutions or get in touch to learn how our technologies are enhancing high-performance automotive applications.
